OpenNest/OpenNest.Engine/CuttingPlanning/CuttingDependencyGraph.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading;
using OpenNest.CNC.CuttingPlanning;
using OpenNest.Geometry;
using OpenNest.Math;

namespace OpenNest.Engine.CuttingPlanning;

/// <summary>
/// Whole-part cutting prerequisites for one captured plate. A cutoff precedes every part its
/// nominal span crosses (an orphaned cutoff, whose definition is missing, precedes every part),
/// and a part proven to lie inside a cutout of another part precedes that host. Built on the
/// caller thread from owned values; ambiguous containment refuses instead of guessing from bounds.
/// </summary>
internal sealed class CuttingDependencyGraph
{
    private const int ContactBudget = 1000000;
    private readonly int[][] prerequisites;

    private CuttingDependencyGraph(int[][] prerequisites) => this.prerequisites = prerequisites;

    internal static CuttingDependencyGraph Empty(int count) =>
        new(Enumerable.Range(0, count).Select(_ => Array.Empty<int>()).ToArray());

    /// <summary>Exact prerequisites, for tests and callers that already proved them.</summary>
    internal static CuttingDependencyGraph FromPrerequisites(IReadOnlyList<int[]> prerequisites)
    {
        var copy = prerequisites.Select(p => p.Distinct().Order().ToArray()).ToArray();
        if (copy.SelectMany(p => p).Any(i => i < 0 || i >= copy.Length))
            throw new ArgumentException("Prerequisite ordinal out of range.");
        return new(copy);
    }

    internal int Count => prerequisites.Length;

    internal IReadOnlyList<int> PrerequisitesOf(int ordinal) => prerequisites[ordinal];

    internal bool IsReady(int ordinal, IEnumerable<int> done)
    {
        if (prerequisites[ordinal].Length == 0)
            return true;
        var finished = done as ICollection<int> ?? done.ToHashSet();
        return prerequisites[ordinal].All(finished.Contains);
    }

    /// <summary>First (part, missing prerequisite) in a proposed complete order, or null.</summary>
    internal (int Part, int Prerequisite)? FirstViolation(IReadOnlyList<int> order)
    {
        var position = Enumerable.Repeat(-1, prerequisites.Length).ToArray();
        for (var i = 0; i < order.Count; i++)
            position[order[i]] = i;
        foreach (var part in order)
            foreach (var prerequisite in prerequisites[part])
                if (position[prerequisite] < 0 || position[prerequisite] > position[part])
                    return (part, prerequisite);
        return null;
    }

    /// <summary>An ordinal on a prerequisite cycle, or null when the graph is acyclic.</summary>
    internal int? FindCycle()
    {
        var remaining = prerequisites.Select(p => p.Length).ToArray();
        var dependents = Enumerable.Range(0, prerequisites.Length).Select(_ => new List<int>()).ToArray();
        for (var part = 0; part < prerequisites.Length; part++)
            foreach (var prerequisite in prerequisites[part])
                dependents[prerequisite].Add(part);
        var ready = new Queue<int>(Enumerable.Range(0, prerequisites.Length).Where(i => remaining[i] == 0));
        while (ready.Count != 0)
            foreach (var dependent in dependents[ready.Dequeue()])
                if (--remaining[dependent] == 0)
                    ready.Enqueue(dependent);
        var cyclic = Array.FindIndex(remaining, r => r != 0);
        return cyclic < 0 ? null : cyclic;
    }

    internal static CuttingDependencyGraph Build(IReadOnlyList<DependencyNode> nodes, Box plate,
        CancellationToken token)
    {
        var edges = nodes.Select(_ => new SortedSet<int>()).ToArray();
        for (var cut = 0; cut < nodes.Count; cut++)
        {
            if (!nodes[cut].IsCutOff)
                continue;
            var definition = nodes[cut].CutOff;
            for (var part = 0; part < nodes.Count; part++)
            {
                token.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
                if (!nodes[part].IsCutOff && (definition == null || CutOffCrosses(definition.Axis,
                    definition.Position, definition.StartLimit, definition.EndLimit, nodes[part].PlacedBounds, plate)))
                    edges[part].Add(cut);
            }
        }
        for (var inner = 0; inner < nodes.Count; inner++)
            for (var host = 0; host < nodes.Count; host++)
            {
                token.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
                // Bounds only select candidates; containment itself is proven on native material.
                if (inner != host && !nodes[inner].IsCutOff && !nodes[host].IsCutOff
                    && Within(nodes[inner].CleanBounds, nodes[host].HostBounds)
                    && InsideCutout(nodes, inner, host, token))
                    edges[host].Add(inner);
            }
        var graph = new CuttingDependencyGraph(edges.Select(e => e.ToArray()).ToArray());
        if (graph.FindCycle() is { } cyclic)
            throw new CuttingDependencyException(CuttingPlanStatus.ConstraintConflict, cyclic, null,
                $"Part {cyclic + 1} is on a cutting dependency cycle.");
        return graph;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Whether a cutoff's nominal line crosses a part's bounds within the cutoff's span. Uses the
    /// nominal line, not its trimmed cutting segments (which deliberately skip the parts). Bounds
    /// conservatively include edge contacts and concave recesses; limits prevent unrelated
    /// dependencies beyond the cutoff's span. Negative coordinates need no special case.
    /// </summary>
    internal static bool CutOffCrosses(CutOffAxis axis, Vector cutOffPosition, double? startLimit,
        double? endLimit, Box part, Box plate)
    {
        var vertical = axis == CutOffAxis.Vertical;
        var position = vertical ? cutOffPosition.X : cutOffPosition.Y;
        var acrossMin = vertical ? part.Left : part.Bottom;
        var acrossMax = vertical ? part.Right : part.Top;
        var alongMin = vertical ? part.Bottom : part.Left;
        var alongMax = vertical ? part.Top : part.Right;
        var start = startLimit ?? (vertical ? plate.Bottom : plate.Left);
        var end = endLimit ?? (vertical ? plate.Top : plate.Right);
        return !(position < acrossMin - Tolerance.Epsilon
            || position > acrossMax + Tolerance.Epsilon
            || System.Math.Max(start, end) < alongMin - Tolerance.Epsilon
            || System.Math.Min(start, end) > alongMax + Tolerance.Epsilon);
    }

    // True when the inner part's perimeter lies strictly inside one cutout of the host. Any
    // boundary contact or crossing between them, or incomplete material, is ambiguous.
    private static bool InsideCutout(IReadOnlyList<DependencyNode> nodes, int inner, int host,
        CancellationToken token)
    {
        var part = nodes[inner].Material;
        var enclosing = nodes[host].Material;
        if (!part.IsComplete || !enclosing.IsComplete)
            throw Ambiguous(inner, host, part.Reason ?? enclosing.Reason);
        var budget = ContactBudget;
        foreach (var curve in part.Rings[0])
            foreach (var ring in enclosing.Rings)
                foreach (var boundary in ring)
                {
                    token.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
                    if (--budget < 0)
                        throw Ambiguous(inner, host, "the containment check exceeds the native query limit");
                    if (curve.Contacts(boundary, out var overlap).Count != 0 || overlap)
                        throw Ambiguous(inner, host, "their boundaries touch or cross");
                }
        var probe = part.Rings[0][0].Start;
        return enclosing.Rings.Skip(1).Any(hole => LeadMaterialSnapshot.Inside(probe, hole, token));
    }

    private static CuttingDependencyException Ambiguous(int inner, int host, string reason) =>
        new(CuttingPlanStatus.UnsupportedGeometry, inner, host,
            $"Containment of part {inner + 1} relative to part {host + 1} cannot be established: {reason}.");

    private static bool Within(Box inner, Box outer) =>
        inner.Left >= outer.Left - Tolerance.Epsilon && inner.Right <= outer.Right + Tolerance.Epsilon
        && inner.Bottom >= outer.Bottom - Tolerance.Epsilon && inner.Top <= outer.Top + Tolerance.Epsilon;
}

/// <summary>Owned copy of a cutoff definition's nominal line.</summary>
internal sealed record CutOffDefinition(CutOffAxis Axis, Vector Position, double? StartLimit, double? EndLimit);

/// <summary>Owned per-placement dependency input; material is captured only when a pair needs it.</summary>
internal sealed class DependencyNode
{
    private readonly Func<LeadMaterialSnapshot> materialFactory;
    private LeadMaterialSnapshot material;

    internal DependencyNode(bool isCutOff, CutOffDefinition cutOff, Box placedBounds, Box cleanBounds,
        Func<LeadMaterialSnapshot> materialFactory)
    {
        IsCutOff = isCutOff;
        CutOff = cutOff;
        PlacedBounds = Copy(placedBounds);
        CleanBounds = cleanBounds == null ? null : Copy(cleanBounds);
        HostBounds = cleanBounds == null ? PlacedBounds : Union(PlacedBounds, CleanBounds);
        this.materialFactory = materialFactory;
    }

    internal bool IsCutOff { get; }
    internal CutOffDefinition CutOff { get; }
    internal Box PlacedBounds { get; }
    internal Box CleanBounds { get; }
    internal Box HostBounds { get; }
    internal LeadMaterialSnapshot Material => material ??= materialFactory();

    private static Box Copy(Box box) => new(box.X, box.Y, box.Length, box.Width);

    private static Box Union(Box a, Box b)
    {
        var left = System.Math.Min(a.Left, b.Left);
        var bottom = System.Math.Min(a.Bottom, b.Bottom);
        return new(left, bottom, System.Math.Max(a.Right, b.Right) - left, System.Math.Max(a.Top, b.Top) - bottom);
    }
}

/// <summary>A dependency refusal naming the part and, when relevant, the other part.</summary>
internal sealed class CuttingDependencyException(CuttingPlanStatus status, int ordinal, int? other, string message)
    : Exception(message)
{
    internal CuttingPlanStatus Status { get; } = status;
    internal int Ordinal { get; } = ordinal;
    internal int? Other { get; } = other;
}