Rework OpenNest.Benchmark into a full multi-plate, multi-size nest

Previously each job fixed one plate size and ran a single Nest() call,
which doesn't reflect the actual problem: a real job is fulfilled
across however many plates are needed, drawn from a pool of standard
sheet sizes, not forced onto one fixed sheet.

NestEngineBase.Nest() has no way to pick its own plate's size - it
fills whatever Plate it's given - so size selection now lives in the
harness itself, applied identically to every engine:

- BenchmarkJob carries the full candidate size pool (CandidateSizes)
  instead of one fixed PlateSize; one job per file, not one per size.
- BenchmarkRunner drives a loop: while items remain, pick the smallest
  candidate size that fits the largest still-unplaced drawing (reusing
  the codebase's own MultiPlateNester.CreatePlate/FitsBounds), build a
  fresh plate of that size, and run one Nest() call to fill it. Repeat
  until everything is placed, no candidate size fits what's left, or a
  safety cap (40 plates) is hit.
- NestValidator now validates bounds/spacing per plate but the
  quantity cap once globally across all plates, since that limit
  belongs to the whole order, not any one sheet.
- JobResult/Report report PlatesUsed and a per-size breakdown instead
  of a single-plate bounding-box compactness metric; utilization is
  now aggregated across every plate the engine used. Ranking keeps the
  same rule (utilization first), with fewer plates as the tie-break
  when both are fully placed and tied - the natural multi-plate
  analogue of the old single-plate compactness tie-break.

Smoke-tested against the synthetic sample across 5 candidate sizes:
correctly builds one job, picks the smallest fitting size, uses
however many plates each engine needs (1-2 here), and still catches
StripNestEngine's pre-existing out-of-bounds bug.

OpenNest.Benchmark/BenchmarkJob.cs

@@ -20,28 +20,40 @@ namespace OpenNest.Benchmark
     }
 
     /// <summary>
-    /// An immutable specification for one benchmark job: a set of drawings/quantities
+    /// An immutable specification for one benchmark job: the full set of
-    /// to be nested onto a plate of a given size. Every engine under test gets a fresh
+    /// drawings/quantities that must be nested, and the pool of sheet sizes the
-    /// Plate and NestItem list built from this spec via CreatePlate()/CreateItems(),
+    /// engine may draw from while doing it. A single run may use several
-    /// so one engine's run can never leak mutated state into another's.
+    /// plates - possibly of different sizes - to place everything, the same
+    /// way a real production job spreads across whatever plates it needs
+    /// rather than being handed one fixed-size sheet.
     /// </summary>
     public class BenchmarkJob
     {
         public string SourceFile { get; init; }
-        public string SheetSizeLabel { get; init; }
+        public List<Size> CandidateSizes { get; init; }
-        public Size PlateSize { get; init; }
         public Spacing EdgeSpacing { get; init; }
         public double PartSpacing { get; init; }
         public int Quadrant { get; init; }
         public List<DrawingRequest> Requests { get; init; }
 
-        public string Name => $"{Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(SourceFile)} [{SheetSizeLabel}]";
+        public string Name => Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(SourceFile);
 
         public int TotalRequestedQuantity => Requests.Sum(r => r.Quantity);
 
-        public Plate CreatePlate()
+        /// <summary>
+        /// A blank plate carrying only the job's spacing/quadrant template.
+        /// MultiPlateNester.CreatePlate copies these settings onto whichever
+        /// size it ultimately picks; its Size is only the fallback used when
+        /// nothing in the candidate pool fits, so it's set to the largest
+        /// candidate rather than an arbitrary one.
+        /// </summary>
+        public Plate CreateTemplatePlate()
         {
-            return new Plate(PlateSize)
+            var fallbackSize = CandidateSizes
+                .OrderByDescending(s => s.Width * s.Length)
+                .FirstOrDefault();
+
+            return new Plate(fallbackSize)
             {
                 EdgeSpacing = EdgeSpacing,
                 PartSpacing = PartSpacing,
@@ -49,6 +61,19 @@ namespace OpenNest.Benchmark
             };
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The candidate sizes as PlateOptions for MultiPlateNester.CreatePlate.
+        /// Cost is area-proportional since no real per-size material pricing is
+        /// available here - this only affects which size is preferred when more
+        /// than one candidate fits, favoring the smaller/cheaper sheet.
+        /// </summary>
+        public List<PlateOption> BuildPlateOptions()
+        {
+            return CandidateSizes
+                .Select(s => new PlateOption { Width = s.Width, Length = s.Length, Cost = s.Width * s.Length })
+                .ToList();
+        }
+
         public List<NestItem> CreateItems()
         {
             return Requests.Select(r => new NestItem

OpenNest.Benchmark/BenchmarkRunner.cs

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-using OpenNest.Geometry;
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Diagnostics;
@@ -8,13 +7,22 @@ using System.Threading;
 namespace OpenNest.Benchmark
 {
     /// <summary>
-    /// Runs every candidate engine against every job. Each (job, engine) pair gets
+    /// Runs every candidate engine against every job. A job may need several
-    /// its own freshly-built Plate and NestItem list (via BenchmarkJob.CreatePlate/
+    /// plates to place everything it asks for; this drives that loop itself,
-    /// CreateItems), so no engine can see another's mutated state and no job can
+    /// since NestEngineBase.Nest() fills exactly one already-sized plate and
-    /// leak partial state into the next run of the same engine.
+    /// has no say in picking its own size. For each plate the loop needs, the
+    /// smallest candidate size that fits the largest still-unplaced drawing is
+    /// chosen via the codebase's own MultiPlateNester.CreatePlate, then the
+    /// engine's Nest() fills that plate with whatever of the remaining items
+    /// fit. This is applied identically to every engine, so no engine gets to
+    /// (or has to) implement sheet-size selection itself.
     /// </summary>
     public static class BenchmarkRunner
     {
+        /// <summary>Safety cap so a degenerate engine (placing almost nothing
+        /// per plate) can't loop indefinitely.</summary>
+        private const int MaxPlates = 40;
+
         public static List<JobResult> Run(List<BenchmarkJob> jobs, IReadOnlyList<NestEngineInfo> engines)
         {
             var results = new List<JobResult>(jobs.Count * engines.Count);
@@ -32,22 +40,58 @@ namespace OpenNest.Benchmark
 
         private static JobResult RunOne(BenchmarkJob job, NestEngineInfo engineInfo)
         {
-            var plate = job.CreatePlate();
+            var template = job.CreateTemplatePlate();
-            var items = job.CreateItems();
+            var options = job.BuildPlateOptions();
+            var remaining = job.CreateItems();
             var requested = job.TotalRequestedQuantity;
 
+            var plateRuns = new List<(Plate Plate, List<Part> Parts)>();
+            string engineError = null;
             var sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
-            List<Part> parts;
 
             try
             {
+                while (remaining.Any(i => i.Quantity > 0) && plateRuns.Count < MaxPlates)
+                {
+                    var largest = remaining
+                        .Where(i => i.Quantity > 0)
+                        .OrderByDescending(i => BoundsArea(i))
+                        .First();
+
+                    var plate = MultiPlateNester.CreatePlate(template, options, largest.Drawing.Program.BoundingBox());
                     var engine = engineInfo.Factory(plate);
-                parts = engine.Nest(items, null, CancellationToken.None) ?? new List<Part>();
+                    var itemsClone = CloneItems(remaining);
+
+                    var parts = engine.Nest(itemsClone, null, CancellationToken.None) ?? new List<Part>();
+
+                    if (parts.Count == 0)
+                    {
+                        // Not even the largest available candidate size could fit
+                        // the current largest remaining part - stop here rather
+                        // than loop forever; whatever's left is reported unplaced.
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    plateRuns.Add((plate, parts));
+
+                    foreach (var item in remaining)
+                    {
+                        var placed = parts.Count(p => p.BaseDrawing.Id == item.Drawing.Id);
+
+                        if (placed > 0)
+                            item.Quantity = System.Math.Max(0, item.Quantity - placed);
+                    }
+                }
             }
             catch (Exception ex)
             {
+                engineError = $"{ex.GetType().Name}: {ex.Message}";
+            }
+
             sw.Stop();
 
+            if (engineError != null)
+            {
                 return new JobResult
                 {
                     EngineName = engineInfo.Name,
@@ -55,19 +99,19 @@ namespace OpenNest.Benchmark
                     Valid = false,
                     PartsRequested = requested,
                     ElapsedMs = sw.ElapsedMilliseconds,
-                    Error = $"{ex.GetType().Name}: {ex.Message}",
+                    Error = engineError,
                 };
             }
 
-            sw.Stop();
+            var validation = NestValidator.Validate(plateRuns, job);
+            var totalPlaced = plateRuns.Sum(pr => pr.Parts.Count);
+            var placedArea = validation.Valid ? plateRuns.Sum(pr => pr.Parts.Sum(p => p.BaseDrawing.Area)) : 0;
+            var plateArea = plateRuns.Sum(pr => pr.Plate.Area());
 
-            var validation = NestValidator.Validate(parts, plate, job);
+            var sizeBreakdown = plateRuns
-
+                .GroupBy(pr => pr.Plate.Size.ToString(1))
-            // Matches Plate.Utilization(): full sheet area, not just the cuttable
+                .OrderByDescending(g => g.Count())
-            // work area, since that's what the material actually costs.
+                .ToDictionary(g => g.Key, g => g.Count());
-            var plateArea = plate.Area();
-            var placedArea = validation.Valid ? parts.Sum(p => p.BaseDrawing.Area) : 0;
-            var usedBox = parts.Count > 0 ? parts.GetBoundingBox() : Box.Empty;
 
             return new JobResult
             {
@@ -75,13 +119,33 @@ namespace OpenNest.Benchmark
                 JobName = job.Name,
                 Valid = validation.Valid,
                 Violations = validation.Violations,
-                PartsPlaced = parts.Count,
+                PartsPlaced = totalPlaced,
                 PartsRequested = requested,
                 PlacedArea = placedArea,
                 PlateArea = plateArea,
-                UsedBoundingBoxArea = usedBox.Width * usedBox.Length,
+                PlatesUsed = plateRuns.Count,
+                SizeBreakdown = sizeBreakdown,
                 ElapsedMs = sw.ElapsedMilliseconds,
             };
         }
+
+        private static double BoundsArea(NestItem item)
+        {
+            var bb = item.Drawing.Program.BoundingBox();
+            return bb.Width * bb.Length;
+        }
+
+        private static List<NestItem> CloneItems(List<NestItem> items)
+        {
+            return items.Select(i => new NestItem
+            {
+                Drawing = i.Drawing,
+                Quantity = i.Quantity,
+                Priority = i.Priority,
+                StepAngle = i.StepAngle,
+                RotationStart = i.RotationStart,
+                RotationEnd = i.RotationEnd,
+            }).ToList();
+        }
     }
 }

OpenNest.Benchmark/JobLoader.cs

@@ -8,11 +8,12 @@ using System.Linq;
 namespace OpenNest.Benchmark
 {
     /// <summary>
-    /// Builds BenchmarkJobs from .nest files on disk. Fully generic: works on any
+    /// Builds BenchmarkJobs from .nest files on disk. Fully generic: works on
-    /// valid .nest file, using whatever drawings/quantities/plate settings it contains.
+    /// any valid .nest file, using whatever drawings/quantities/plate settings
-    /// Optionally sweeps a fixed list of sheet sizes instead of the sizes embedded
+    /// it contains. One job per file, carrying the full pool of candidate
-    /// in the file, so the same drawing set can be benchmarked across a standard
+    /// sheet sizes the engine may use across the whole nest - by default the
-    /// sheet-size lineup.
+    /// distinct sizes already present in that file, or a fixed override list
+    /// (e.g. a standard sheet-size lineup) applied to every file.
     /// </summary>
     public static class JobLoader
     {
@@ -46,23 +47,19 @@ namespace OpenNest.Benchmark
 
                 var template = ResolvePlateTemplate(nest);
                 var sizes = sheetSizeOverrides != null && sheetSizeOverrides.Count > 0
-                    ? sheetSizeOverrides
+                    ? sheetSizeOverrides.ToList()
                     : ResolveSheetSizes(nest);
 
-                foreach (var size in sizes)
-                {
                 jobs.Add(new BenchmarkJob
                 {
                     SourceFile = file,
-                        SheetSizeLabel = size.ToString(1),
+                    CandidateSizes = sizes,
-                        PlateSize = size,
                     EdgeSpacing = template.EdgeSpacing,
                     PartSpacing = partSpacingOverride ?? template.PartSpacing,
                     Quadrant = template.Quadrant,
                     Requests = requests,
                 });
             }
-            }
 
             return jobs;
         }

OpenNest.Benchmark/JobResult.cs

@@ -3,8 +3,11 @@ using System.Collections.Generic;
 namespace OpenNest.Benchmark
 {
     /// <summary>
-    /// Outcome of running one engine against one job. An invalid or crashed run
+    /// Outcome of running one engine against one job. A job may span several
-    /// always scores zero utilization for that job, per the benchmark rules.
+    /// plates (PlatesUsed, SizeBreakdown), since the engine may need more than
+    /// one sheet - possibly of different sizes - to place everything asked of
+    /// it. An invalid or crashed run always scores zero utilization, per the
+    /// benchmark rules.
     /// </summary>
     public class JobResult
     {
@@ -17,11 +20,16 @@ namespace OpenNest.Benchmark
         public int PartsRequested { get; init; }
         public double PlacedArea { get; init; }
         public double PlateArea { get; init; }
-        public double UsedBoundingBoxArea { get; init; }
+        public int PlatesUsed { get; init; }
+        public Dictionary<string, int> SizeBreakdown { get; init; } = new();
         public long ElapsedMs { get; init; }
 
         public bool Crashed => Error != null;
         public bool FullyPlaced => Valid && PartsRequested > 0 && PartsPlaced >= PartsRequested;
+
+        /// <summary>Aggregate utilization across every plate the engine used:
+        /// total placed drawing area over total plate area, matching
+        /// Plate.Utilization()'s per-plate definition summed across the job.</summary>
         public double Utilization => Valid && PlateArea > 0 ? PlacedArea / PlateArea : 0;
     }
 }

OpenNest.Benchmark/NestValidator.cs

@@ -13,52 +13,41 @@ namespace OpenNest.Benchmark
     }
 
     /// <summary>
-    /// Validates a placed layout against the benchmark rules: every part must lie
+    /// Validates a (possibly multi-plate) placed layout against the benchmark
-    /// within the plate's work area, every pair of parts must be at least
+    /// rules: on every plate, every part must lie within that plate's work
-    /// PartSpacing apart, and no drawing may have more parts placed than requested.
+    /// area and every pair of parts must be at least PartSpacing apart; across
-    /// Geometry checks work on arbitrary (concave, holed) polygons by reusing the
+    /// all plates combined, no drawing may have more parts placed than
-    /// same world-space extraction Part.Intersects uses internally, so no engine
+    /// requested (the quantity limit is a property of the whole order, not of
-    /// gets an advantage or penalty from shape complexity.
+    /// any one plate). Geometry checks work on arbitrary (concave, holed)
+    /// polygons by reusing the same world-space extraction Part.Intersects
+    /// uses internally, so no engine gets an advantage or penalty from shape
+    /// complexity.
     /// </summary>
     public static class NestValidator
     {
-        public static ValidationResult Validate(List<Part> parts, Plate plate, BenchmarkJob job)
+        public static ValidationResult Validate(List<(Plate Plate, List<Part> Parts)> plateRuns, BenchmarkJob job)
         {
             var result = new ValidationResult();
+            var allParts = plateRuns.SelectMany(pr => pr.Parts).ToList();
 
-            if (parts == null || parts.Count == 0)
+            if (allParts.Count == 0)
                 return result;
 
-            ValidateQuantities(parts, job, result);
+            ValidateQuantities(allParts, job, result);
+
+            foreach (var (plate, parts) in plateRuns)
+            {
+                if (parts.Count == 0)
+                    continue;
+
                 ValidateBounds(parts, plate, result);
                 ValidateAreaBudget(parts, plate, result);
                 ValidateSpacing(parts, plate.PartSpacing, result);
+            }
 
             return result;
         }
 
-        /// <summary>
-        /// Hard mathematical backstop: non-overlapping parts confined to the work
-        /// area can never have a combined area greater than the work area itself.
-        /// This catches overlap that the polygon-based ValidateSpacing check can
-        /// miss - Collision.HasOverlap (and Part.Intersects, which uses the same
-        /// algorithm) has been observed to return false negatives on real,
-        /// complex production geometry, so this check does not depend on it.
-        /// </summary>
-        private static void ValidateAreaBudget(List<Part> parts, Plate plate, ValidationResult result)
-        {
-            var workArea = plate.WorkArea();
-            var budget = workArea.Width * workArea.Length;
-            var placedArea = parts.Sum(p => p.BaseDrawing.Area);
-
-            if (placedArea > budget + Tolerance.Epsilon)
-            {
-                result.Violations.Add(
-                    $"Combined placed area ({placedArea:F2}) exceeds the work area ({budget:F2}) - " +
-                    "parts must overlap even though the polygon overlap check did not flag a pair");
-            }
-        }
-
         private static void ValidateQuantities(List<Part> parts, BenchmarkJob job, ValidationResult result)
         {
             var allowed = job.Requests.ToDictionary(r => r.Drawing.Id, r => r.Quantity);
@@ -77,7 +66,7 @@ namespace OpenNest.Benchmark
                 if (placed > max)
                 {
                     var name = parts.First(p => p.BaseDrawing.Id == drawingId).BaseDrawing.Name;
-                    result.Violations.Add($"'{name}': placed {placed} but only {max} were requested");
+                    result.Violations.Add($"'{name}': placed {placed} across all plates but only {max} were requested");
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -98,11 +87,35 @@ namespace OpenNest.Benchmark
                 if (outLeft || outBottom || outRight || outTop)
                 {
                     result.Violations.Add(
-                        $"'{part.BaseDrawing.Name}' at ({part.Location.X:F2},{part.Location.Y:F2}) falls outside the work area");
+                        $"'{part.BaseDrawing.Name}' at ({part.Location.X:F2},{part.Location.Y:F2}) falls outside the work area " +
+                        $"of a {plate.Size} plate");
                 }
             }
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Hard mathematical backstop: non-overlapping parts confined to the
+        /// work area can never have a combined area greater than the work
+        /// area itself. This catches overlap that the polygon-based
+        /// ValidateSpacing check can miss - Collision.HasOverlap (and
+        /// Part.Intersects, which uses the same algorithm) has been observed
+        /// to return false negatives on real, complex production geometry, so
+        /// this check does not depend on it.
+        /// </summary>
+        private static void ValidateAreaBudget(List<Part> parts, Plate plate, ValidationResult result)
+        {
+            var workArea = plate.WorkArea();
+            var budget = workArea.Width * workArea.Length;
+            var placedArea = parts.Sum(p => p.BaseDrawing.Area);
+
+            if (placedArea > budget + Tolerance.Epsilon)
+            {
+                result.Violations.Add(
+                    $"Combined placed area ({placedArea:F2}) on a {plate.Size} plate exceeds its work area ({budget:F2}) - " +
+                    "parts must overlap even though the polygon overlap check did not flag a pair");
+            }
+        }
+
         private static void ValidateSpacing(List<Part> parts, double spacing, ValidationResult result)
         {
             var worldPolygons = new Polygon[parts.Count];

OpenNest.Benchmark/Program.cs

@@ -57,6 +57,13 @@ static class BenchmarkConsole
         }
 
         Console.WriteLine($"Loaded {jobs.Count} job(s) from '{options.InputPath}'");
+
+        foreach (var job in jobs)
+        {
+            var sizes = string.Join(", ", job.CandidateSizes.Select(s => s.ToString(1)));
+            Console.WriteLine($"  {job.Name}: {job.Requests.Count} drawing(s), {job.TotalRequestedQuantity} part(s) requested, candidate sizes: {sizes}");
+        }
+
         Console.WriteLine($"Engines: {string.Join(", ", engines.Select(e => e.Name))}");
 
         var results = BenchmarkRunner.Run(jobs, engines);
@@ -133,17 +140,21 @@ static class BenchmarkConsole
     {
         Console.Error.WriteLine("OpenNest.Benchmark - compare registered nesting engines on a set of .nest files");
         Console.Error.WriteLine();
-        Console.Error.WriteLine("For each .nest file, every drawing with quantity > 0 is nested (mixed together)");
+        Console.Error.WriteLine("For each .nest file, every drawing with quantity > 0 is nested (mixed together),");
-        Console.Error.WriteLine("onto a fresh plate per sheet size, once per registered engine. Scoring: material");
+        Console.Error.WriteLine("once per registered engine. This is a full nest, not a single fixed-size plate:");
-        Console.Error.WriteLine("utilization first, then (if everything requested was placed) a smaller used");
+        Console.Error.WriteLine("as many plates as needed are created, one at a time, each sized by picking the");
-        Console.Error.WriteLine("bounding box as the tie-break. An invalid layout (out of bounds, overlapping,");
+        Console.Error.WriteLine("smallest candidate sheet size that fits the largest still-unplaced drawing -");
-        Console.Error.WriteLine("or over-quantity) scores zero for that job.");
+        Console.Error.WriteLine("applied identically to every engine, since Nest() itself has no say over its");
+        Console.Error.WriteLine("own plate's size. Scoring: aggregate material utilization across every plate");
+        Console.Error.WriteLine("used, then (if everything requested was placed) fewer plates as the tie-break.");
+        Console.Error.WriteLine("An invalid layout (out of bounds, overlapping, or over-quantity) scores zero.");
         Console.Error.WriteLine();
         Console.Error.WriteLine("Usage:");
         Console.Error.WriteLine("  OpenNest.Benchmark <file.nest | folder> [options]");
         Console.Error.WriteLine();
         Console.Error.WriteLine("Options:");
-        Console.Error.WriteLine("  --sheet-sizes W1xL1,W2xL2,...  Sweep these plate sizes instead of each file's own");
+        Console.Error.WriteLine("  --sheet-sizes W1xL1,W2xL2,...  Candidate sheet-size pool for the whole nest");
+        Console.Error.WriteLine("                                 (default: the distinct sizes already in each file)");
         Console.Error.WriteLine("  --spacing <value>               Override part spacing for every job");
         Console.Error.WriteLine("  --engines Name1,Name2,...       Only benchmark these registered engines (default: all)");
         Console.Error.WriteLine("  --csv <path>                    Write a flat CSV of all results");

OpenNest.Benchmark/Report.cs

@@ -9,9 +9,10 @@ namespace OpenNest.Benchmark
 {
     /// <summary>
     /// Console + CSV reporting for benchmark results. Ranking rule per job:
-    /// valid beats invalid; higher utilization wins; if utilization ties and both
+    /// valid beats invalid; higher aggregate utilization wins; if utilization
-    /// engines fully placed every requested part, the smaller used-bounding-box
+    /// ties and both engines fully placed every requested part, fewer plates
-    /// (more compact remnant) wins. Ties beyond that are a shared win.
+    /// used wins (the multi-plate analogue of "smaller remnant" - both are
+    /// proxies for wasting less material). Ties beyond that are a shared win.
     /// </summary>
     public static class Report
     {
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ namespace OpenNest.Benchmark
                 var ranked = jobGroup.OrderBy(r => r, Comparer<JobResult>.Create(Compare)).ToList();
                 var best = ranked.Count > 0 ? ranked[0] : null;
 
-                Console.WriteLine($"{"Engine",-16} {"Result",-9} {"Parts",-10} {"Util%",-8} {"Remnant",-12} {"Time(ms)",-9} Notes");
+                Console.WriteLine($"{"Engine",-16} {"Result",-9} {"Parts",-10} {"Util%",-8} {"Plates",-18} {"Time(ms)",-9} Notes");
 
                 foreach (var r in ranked)
                 {
@@ -36,10 +37,10 @@ namespace OpenNest.Benchmark
                     var status = r.Crashed ? "CRASH" : r.Valid ? "ok" : "INVALID";
                     var partsCol = $"{r.PartsPlaced}/{r.PartsRequested}";
                     var utilCol = r.Valid ? $"{r.Utilization * 100:F1}" : "-";
-                    var remnantCol = r.Valid ? $"{r.UsedBoundingBoxArea:F0}" : "-";
+                    var platesCol = r.PlatesUsed > 0 ? $"{r.PlatesUsed} ({SizeSummary(r.SizeBreakdown)})" : "-";
                     var notes = r.Crashed ? r.Error : string.Join("; ", r.Violations.Take(2));
 
-                    Console.WriteLine($"{marker}{r.EngineName,-15} {status,-9} {partsCol,-10} {utilCol,-8} {remnantCol,-12} {r.ElapsedMs,-9} {notes}");
+                    Console.WriteLine($"{marker}{r.EngineName,-15} {status,-9} {partsCol,-10} {utilCol,-8} {platesCol,-18} {r.ElapsedMs,-9} {notes}");
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -57,7 +58,9 @@ namespace OpenNest.Benchmark
                     Jobs = g.Count(),
                     Valid = g.Count(r => r.Valid),
                     Crashed = g.Count(r => r.Crashed),
+                    FullyPlaced = g.Count(r => r.FullyPlaced),
                     TotalUtilization = g.Sum(r => r.Utilization),
+                    TotalPlates = g.Sum(r => r.PlatesUsed),
                     TotalTimeMs = g.Sum(r => r.ElapsedMs),
                 })
                 .OrderByDescending(e => e.TotalUtilization)
@@ -65,35 +68,43 @@ namespace OpenNest.Benchmark
 
             var wins = CountWins(results);
 
-            Console.WriteLine($"{"Engine",-16} {"Jobs",-6} {"Valid",-7} {"Crashed",-8} {"Wins",-6} {"AvgUtil%",-10} {"TotalTime(ms)",-14}");
+            Console.WriteLine($"{"Engine",-16} {"Jobs",-6} {"Valid",-7} {"Complete",-9} {"Wins",-6} {"AvgUtil%",-10} {"Plates",-8} {"TotalTime(ms)",-14}");
 
             foreach (var e in byEngine)
             {
                 var avgUtil = e.Jobs > 0 ? e.TotalUtilization / e.Jobs * 100 : 0;
                 var winCount = wins.TryGetValue(e.Engine, out var w) ? w : 0;
-                Console.WriteLine($"{e.Engine,-16} {e.Jobs,-6} {e.Valid,-7} {e.Crashed,-8} {winCount,-6} {avgUtil,-10:F1} {e.TotalTimeMs,-14}");
+                Console.WriteLine($"{e.Engine,-16} {e.Jobs,-6} {e.Valid,-7} {e.FullyPlaced,-9} {winCount,-6} {avgUtil,-10:F1} {e.TotalPlates,-8} {e.TotalTimeMs,-14}");
             }
         }
 
         public static void WriteCsv(string path, List<JobResult> results)
         {
             var sb = new StringBuilder();
-            sb.AppendLine("Job,Engine,Valid,Crashed,PartsPlaced,PartsRequested,Utilization,UsedBoundingBoxArea,ElapsedMs,Notes");
+            sb.AppendLine("Job,Engine,Valid,Crashed,FullyPlaced,PartsPlaced,PartsRequested,Utilization,PlatesUsed,SizeBreakdown,ElapsedMs,Notes");
 
             foreach (var r in results)
             {
                 var notes = r.Crashed ? r.Error : string.Join(" | ", r.Violations);
                 sb.AppendLine(string.Join(",",
-                    Csv(r.JobName), Csv(r.EngineName), r.Valid, r.Crashed,
+                    Csv(r.JobName), Csv(r.EngineName), r.Valid, r.Crashed, r.FullyPlaced,
                     r.PartsPlaced, r.PartsRequested,
                     r.Utilization.ToString("F4", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture),
-                    r.UsedBoundingBoxArea.ToString("F2", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture),
+                    r.PlatesUsed, Csv(SizeSummary(r.SizeBreakdown)),
                     r.ElapsedMs, Csv(notes)));
             }
 
             File.WriteAllText(path, sb.ToString());
         }
 
+        private static string SizeSummary(Dictionary<string, int> breakdown)
+        {
+            if (breakdown == null || breakdown.Count == 0)
+                return "-";
+
+            return string.Join("; ", breakdown.Select(kv => $"{kv.Key}×{kv.Value}"));
+        }
+
         private static string Csv(string value)
         {
             if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(value))
@@ -124,7 +135,7 @@ namespace OpenNest.Benchmark
         }
 
         /// <summary>Lower sorts first (better). Valid beats invalid, then higher
-        /// utilization, then (if both fully placed) smaller used-bounding-box.</summary>
+        /// aggregate utilization, then (if both fully placed) fewer plates used.</summary>
         private static int Compare(JobResult a, JobResult b)
         {
             if (a.Valid != b.Valid)
@@ -138,13 +149,8 @@ namespace OpenNest.Benchmark
             if (System.Math.Abs(utilDiff) > Epsilon)
                 return utilDiff > 0 ? 1 : -1;
 
-            if (a.FullyPlaced && b.FullyPlaced)
+            if (a.FullyPlaced && b.FullyPlaced && a.PlatesUsed != b.PlatesUsed)
-            {
+                return a.PlatesUsed > b.PlatesUsed ? 1 : -1;
-                var bboxDiff = a.UsedBoundingBoxArea - b.UsedBoundingBoxArea;
-
-                if (System.Math.Abs(bboxDiff) > Epsilon)
-                    return bboxDiff > 0 ? 1 : -1;
-            }
 
             return 0;
         }