feat: add PlateProcessor for per-part lead-in assignment and cut sequencing

Three-stage pipeline: IPartSequencer → ContourCuttingStrategy → IRapidPlanner
wired by PlateProcessor. 6 sequencing strategies, 2 rapid planners, 31 tests.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

OpenNest.Core/CNC/CuttingStrategy/ContourCuttingStrategy.cs

@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@ namespace OpenNest.CNC.CuttingStrategy
     {
         public CuttingParameters Parameters { get; set; }
 
-        public Program Apply(Program partProgram, Plate plate)
+        public CuttingResult Apply(Program partProgram, Vector approachPoint)
         {
-            var exitPoint = GetExitPoint(plate);
+            var exitPoint = approachPoint;
             var entities = partProgram.ToGeometry();
             var profile = new ShapeProfile(entities);
 
@@ -44,9 +44,12 @@ namespace OpenNest.CNC.CuttingStrategy
                 currentPoint = closestPt;
             }
 
+            var lastCutPoint = exitPoint;
+
             // Perimeter last
             {
                 var perimeterPt = profile.Perimeter.ClosestPointTo(currentPoint, out perimeterEntity);
+                lastCutPoint = perimeterPt;
                 var normal = ComputeNormal(perimeterPt, perimeterEntity, ContourType.External);
                 var winding = DetermineWinding(profile.Perimeter);
 
@@ -60,21 +63,10 @@ namespace OpenNest.CNC.CuttingStrategy
                 result.Codes.AddRange(leadOut.Generate(perimeterPt, normal, winding));
             }
 
-            return result;
+            return new CuttingResult
-        }
-
-        private Vector GetExitPoint(Plate plate)
-        {
-            var w = plate.Size.Width;
-            var l = plate.Size.Length;
-
-            return plate.Quadrant switch
             {
-                1 => new Vector(w, l),         // Q1 origin BottomLeft -> exit TopRight
+                Program = result,
-                2 => new Vector(0, l),         // Q2 origin BottomRight -> exit TopLeft
+                LastCutPoint = lastCutPoint
-                3 => new Vector(0, 0),         // Q3 origin TopRight -> exit BottomLeft
-                4 => new Vector(w, 0),         // Q4 origin TopLeft -> exit BottomRight
-                _ => new Vector(w, l)
             };
         }
 

OpenNest.Core/CNC/CuttingStrategy/CuttingResult.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+using OpenNest.CNC;
+using OpenNest.Geometry;
+
+namespace OpenNest.CNC.CuttingStrategy
+{
+    public readonly struct CuttingResult
+    {
+        public Program Program { get; init; }
+        public Vector LastCutPoint { get; init; }
+    }
+}

OpenNest.Core/Part.cs

@@ -51,6 +51,8 @@ namespace OpenNest
 
         public Program Program { get; private set; }
 
+        public bool HasManualLeadIns { get; set; }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Gets the rotation of the part in radians.
         /// </summary>

OpenNest.Engine/PlateProcessor.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using OpenNest.CNC;
+using OpenNest.CNC.CuttingStrategy;
+using OpenNest.Engine.RapidPlanning;
+using OpenNest.Engine.Sequencing;
+using OpenNest.Geometry;
+
+namespace OpenNest.Engine
+{
+    public class PlateProcessor
+    {
+        public IPartSequencer Sequencer { get; set; }
+        public ContourCuttingStrategy CuttingStrategy { get; set; }
+        public IRapidPlanner RapidPlanner { get; set; }
+
+        public PlateResult Process(Plate plate)
+        {
+            var sequenced = Sequencer.Sequence(plate.Parts.ToList(), plate);
+            var results = new List<ProcessedPart>(sequenced.Count);
+            var cutAreas = new List<Shape>();
+            var currentPoint = PlateHelper.GetExitPoint(plate);
+
+            foreach (var sp in sequenced)
+            {
+                var part = sp.Part;
+
+                // Compute approach point in part-local space
+                var localApproach = ToPartLocal(currentPoint, part);
+
+                Program processedProgram;
+                Vector lastCutLocal;
+
+                if (!part.HasManualLeadIns && CuttingStrategy != null)
+                {
+                    var cuttingResult = CuttingStrategy.Apply(part.Program, localApproach);
+                    processedProgram = cuttingResult.Program;
+                    lastCutLocal = cuttingResult.LastCutPoint;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    processedProgram = part.Program;
+                    lastCutLocal = GetProgramEndPoint(part.Program);
+                }
+
+                // Pierce point: program start point in plate space
+                var pierceLocal = GetProgramStartPoint(part.Program);
+                var piercePoint = ToPlateSpace(pierceLocal, part);
+
+                // Plan rapid from currentPoint to pierce point
+                var rapidPath = RapidPlanner.Plan(currentPoint, piercePoint, cutAreas);
+
+                results.Add(new ProcessedPart
+                {
+                    Part = part,
+                    ProcessedProgram = processedProgram,
+                    RapidPath = rapidPath
+                });
+
+                // Update cut areas with part perimeter
+                var perimeter = GetPartPerimeter(part);
+                if (perimeter != null)
+                    cutAreas.Add(perimeter);
+
+                // Update current point to last cut point in plate space
+                currentPoint = ToPlateSpace(lastCutLocal, part);
+            }
+
+            return new PlateResult { Parts = results };
+        }
+
+        private static Vector ToPartLocal(Vector platePoint, Part part)
+        {
+            return platePoint - part.Location;
+        }
+
+        private static Vector ToPlateSpace(Vector localPoint, Part part)
+        {
+            return localPoint + part.Location;
+        }
+
+        private static Vector GetProgramStartPoint(Program program)
+        {
+            if (program.Codes.Count == 0)
+                return Vector.Zero;
+
+            var first = program.Codes[0];
+            if (first is Motion motion)
+                return motion.EndPoint;
+
+            return Vector.Zero;
+        }
+
+        private static Vector GetProgramEndPoint(Program program)
+        {
+            for (var i = program.Codes.Count - 1; i >= 0; i--)
+            {
+                if (program.Codes[i] is Motion motion)
+                    return motion.EndPoint;
+            }
+
+            return Vector.Zero;
+        }
+
+        private static Shape GetPartPerimeter(Part part)
+        {
+            var entities = part.Program.ToGeometry();
+            if (entities == null || entities.Count == 0)
+                return null;
+
+            var profile = new ShapeProfile(entities);
+            var perimeter = profile.Perimeter;
+            if (perimeter == null || perimeter.Entities.Count == 0)
+                return null;
+
+            perimeter.Offset(part.Location);
+            return perimeter;
+        }
+    }
+}

OpenNest.Engine/PlateResult.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using OpenNest.CNC;
+using OpenNest.Engine.RapidPlanning;
+
+namespace OpenNest.Engine
+{
+    public class PlateResult
+    {
+        public List<ProcessedPart> Parts { get; init; }
+    }
+
+    public readonly struct ProcessedPart
+    {
+        public Part Part { get; init; }
+        public Program ProcessedProgram { get; init; }
+        public RapidPath RapidPath { get; init; }
+    }
+}

OpenNest.Engine/RapidPlanning/DirectRapidPlanner.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using OpenNest.Geometry;
+
+namespace OpenNest.Engine.RapidPlanning
+{
+    public class DirectRapidPlanner : IRapidPlanner
+    {
+        public RapidPath Plan(Vector from, Vector to, IReadOnlyList<Shape> cutAreas)
+        {
+            var travelLine = new Line(from, to);
+
+            foreach (var cutArea in cutAreas)
+            {
+                if (TravelLineIntersectsShape(travelLine, cutArea))
+                {
+                    return new RapidPath
+                    {
+                        HeadUp = true,
+                        Waypoints = new List<Vector>()
+                    };
+                }
+            }
+
+            return new RapidPath
+            {
+                HeadUp = false,
+                Waypoints = new List<Vector>()
+            };
+        }
+
+        private static bool TravelLineIntersectsShape(Line travelLine, Shape shape)
+        {
+            foreach (var entity in shape.Entities)
+            {
+                if (entity is Line edge)
+                {
+                    if (travelLine.Intersects(edge, out _))
+                        return true;
+                }
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+}

OpenNest.Engine/RapidPlanning/IRapidPlanner.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using OpenNest.Geometry;
+
+namespace OpenNest.Engine.RapidPlanning
+{
+    public interface IRapidPlanner
+    {
+        RapidPath Plan(Vector from, Vector to, IReadOnlyList<Shape> cutAreas);
+    }
+}

OpenNest.Engine/RapidPlanning/RapidPath.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using OpenNest.Geometry;
+
+namespace OpenNest.Engine.RapidPlanning
+{
+    public readonly struct RapidPath
+    {
+        public bool HeadUp { get; init; }
+        public List<Vector> Waypoints { get; init; }
+    }
+}

OpenNest.Engine/RapidPlanning/SafeHeightRapidPlanner.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using OpenNest.Geometry;
+
+namespace OpenNest.Engine.RapidPlanning
+{
+    public class SafeHeightRapidPlanner : IRapidPlanner
+    {
+        public RapidPath Plan(Vector from, Vector to, IReadOnlyList<Shape> cutAreas)
+        {
+            return new RapidPath
+            {
+                HeadUp = true,
+                Waypoints = new List<Vector>()
+            };
+        }
+    }
+}

OpenNest.Engine/Sequencing/AdvancedSequencer.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using OpenNest.CNC.CuttingStrategy;
+using OpenNest.Math;
+
+namespace OpenNest.Engine.Sequencing
+{
+    public class AdvancedSequencer : IPartSequencer
+    {
+        private readonly SequenceParameters _parameters;
+
+        public AdvancedSequencer(SequenceParameters parameters)
+        {
+            _parameters = parameters;
+        }
+
+        public List<SequencedPart> Sequence(IReadOnlyList<Part> parts, Plate plate)
+        {
+            if (parts.Count == 0)
+                return new List<SequencedPart>();
+
+            var exit = PlateHelper.GetExitPoint(plate);
+
+            // Group parts into rows by Y proximity
+            var rows = GroupIntoRows(parts, _parameters.MinDistanceBetweenRowsColumns);
+
+            // Sort rows bottom-to-top (ascending Y)
+            rows.Sort((a, b) => a.RowY.CompareTo(b.RowY));
+
+            // Determine initial direction based on exit point
+            var leftToRight = exit.X > plate.Size.Width * 0.5;
+
+            var result = new List<SequencedPart>(parts.Count);
+            foreach (var row in rows)
+            {
+                var sorted = leftToRight
+                    ? row.Parts.OrderBy(p => p.BoundingBox.Center.X).ToList()
+                    : row.Parts.OrderByDescending(p => p.BoundingBox.Center.X).ToList();
+
+                foreach (var p in sorted)
+                    result.Add(new SequencedPart { Part = p });
+
+                if (_parameters.AlternateRowsColumns)
+                    leftToRight = !leftToRight;
+            }
+
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        private static List<PartRow> GroupIntoRows(IReadOnlyList<Part> parts, double minDistance)
+        {
+            // Sort parts by Y center
+            var sorted = parts
+                .OrderBy(p => p.BoundingBox.Center.Y)
+                .ToList();
+
+            var rows = new List<PartRow>();
+
+            foreach (var part in sorted)
+            {
+                var y = part.BoundingBox.Center.Y;
+                var placed = false;
+
+                foreach (var row in rows)
+                {
+                    if (System.Math.Abs(y - row.RowY) <= minDistance + Tolerance.Epsilon)
+                    {
+                        row.Parts.Add(part);
+                        placed = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (!placed)
+                {
+                    var row = new PartRow(y);
+                    row.Parts.Add(part);
+                    rows.Add(row);
+                }
+            }
+
+            return rows;
+        }
+
+        private class PartRow
+        {
+            public double RowY { get; }
+            public List<Part> Parts { get; } = new List<Part>();
+
+            public PartRow(double rowY)
+            {
+                RowY = rowY;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

OpenNest.Engine/Sequencing/BottomSideSequencer.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+
+namespace OpenNest.Engine.Sequencing
+{
+    public class BottomSideSequencer : IPartSequencer
+    {
+        public List<SequencedPart> Sequence(IReadOnlyList<Part> parts, Plate plate)
+        {
+            return parts
+                .OrderBy(p => p.Location.Y)
+                .ThenBy(p => p.Location.X)
+                .Select(p => new SequencedPart { Part = p })
+                .ToList();
+        }
+    }
+}

OpenNest.Engine/Sequencing/EdgeStartSequencer.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+
+namespace OpenNest.Engine.Sequencing
+{
+    public class EdgeStartSequencer : IPartSequencer
+    {
+        public List<SequencedPart> Sequence(IReadOnlyList<Part> parts, Plate plate)
+        {
+            // Plate(width, length) stores Size with Width/Length swapped internally.
+            // Reconstruct the logical plate box using the BoundingBox origin and the
+            // corrected extents: Size.Length = X-extent, Size.Width = Y-extent.
+            var origin = plate.BoundingBox(false);
+            var plateBox = new OpenNest.Geometry.Box(
+                origin.X, origin.Y,
+                plate.Size.Length,
+                plate.Size.Width);
+
+            return parts
+                .OrderBy(p => MinEdgeDistance(p.BoundingBox.Center, plateBox))
+                .ThenBy(p => p.Location.X)
+                .Select(p => new SequencedPart { Part = p })
+                .ToList();
+        }
+
+        private static double MinEdgeDistance(OpenNest.Geometry.Vector center, OpenNest.Geometry.Box plateBox)
+        {
+            var distLeft   = center.X - plateBox.Left;
+            var distRight  = plateBox.Right - center.X;
+            var distBottom = center.Y - plateBox.Bottom;
+            var distTop    = plateBox.Top - center.Y;
+
+            return System.Math.Min(System.Math.Min(distLeft, distRight), System.Math.Min(distBottom, distTop));
+        }
+    }
+}

OpenNest.Engine/Sequencing/IPartSequencer.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+
+namespace OpenNest.Engine.Sequencing
+{
+    public readonly struct SequencedPart
+    {
+        public Part Part { get; init; }
+    }
+
+    public interface IPartSequencer
+    {
+        List<SequencedPart> Sequence(IReadOnlyList<Part> parts, Plate plate);
+    }
+}

OpenNest.Engine/Sequencing/LeastCodeSequencer.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using OpenNest.Math;
+
+namespace OpenNest.Engine.Sequencing
+{
+    public class LeastCodeSequencer : IPartSequencer
+    {
+        private readonly int _maxIterations;
+
+        public LeastCodeSequencer(int maxIterations = 100)
+        {
+            _maxIterations = maxIterations;
+        }
+
+        public List<SequencedPart> Sequence(IReadOnlyList<Part> parts, Plate plate)
+        {
+            if (parts.Count == 0)
+                return new List<SequencedPart>();
+
+            var exit = PlateHelper.GetExitPoint(plate);
+            var ordered = NearestNeighbor(parts, exit);
+            TwoOpt(ordered, exit);
+
+            var result = new List<SequencedPart>(ordered.Count);
+            foreach (var p in ordered)
+                result.Add(new SequencedPart { Part = p });
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        private static List<Part> NearestNeighbor(IReadOnlyList<Part> parts, OpenNest.Geometry.Vector exit)
+        {
+            var remaining = new List<Part>(parts);
+            var ordered = new List<Part>(parts.Count);
+
+            var current = exit;
+            while (remaining.Count > 0)
+            {
+                var bestIdx = 0;
+                var bestDist = Distance(current, Center(remaining[0]));
+
+                for (var i = 1; i < remaining.Count; i++)
+                {
+                    var d = Distance(current, Center(remaining[i]));
+                    if (d < bestDist - Tolerance.Epsilon)
+                    {
+                        bestDist = d;
+                        bestIdx = i;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                var next = remaining[bestIdx];
+                ordered.Add(next);
+                remaining.RemoveAt(bestIdx);
+                current = Center(next);
+            }
+
+            return ordered;
+        }
+
+        private void TwoOpt(List<Part> ordered, OpenNest.Geometry.Vector exit)
+        {
+            var n = ordered.Count;
+            if (n < 3)
+                return;
+
+            for (var iter = 0; iter < _maxIterations; iter++)
+            {
+                var improved = false;
+
+                for (var i = 0; i < n - 1; i++)
+                {
+                    for (var j = i + 1; j < n; j++)
+                    {
+                        var before = RouteDistance(ordered, exit, i, j);
+                        Reverse(ordered, i, j);
+                        var after = RouteDistance(ordered, exit, i, j);
+
+                        if (after < before - Tolerance.Epsilon)
+                        {
+                            improved = true;
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            // Revert
+                            Reverse(ordered, i, j);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (!improved)
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Computes the total distance of the route starting from exit through all parts.
+        /// Only the segment around the reversed segment [i..j] needs to be checked,
+        /// but here we compute the full route cost for correctness.
+        /// </summary>
+        private static double RouteDistance(List<Part> ordered, OpenNest.Geometry.Vector exit, int i, int j)
+        {
+            // Full route distance: exit -> ordered[0] -> ... -> ordered[n-1]
+            var total = 0.0;
+            var prev = exit;
+            foreach (var p in ordered)
+            {
+                var c = Center(p);
+                total += Distance(prev, c);
+                prev = c;
+            }
+            return total;
+        }
+
+        private static void Reverse(List<Part> list, int i, int j)
+        {
+            while (i < j)
+            {
+                var tmp = list[i];
+                list[i] = list[j];
+                list[j] = tmp;
+                i++;
+                j--;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static OpenNest.Geometry.Vector Center(Part part)
+        {
+            return part.BoundingBox.Center;
+        }
+
+        private static double Distance(OpenNest.Geometry.Vector a, OpenNest.Geometry.Vector b)
+        {
+            var dx = b.X - a.X;
+            var dy = b.Y - a.Y;
+            return System.Math.Sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy);
+        }
+    }
+}

OpenNest.Engine/Sequencing/LeftSideSequencer.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+
+namespace OpenNest.Engine.Sequencing
+{
+    public class LeftSideSequencer : IPartSequencer
+    {
+        public List<SequencedPart> Sequence(IReadOnlyList<Part> parts, Plate plate)
+        {
+            return parts
+                .OrderBy(p => p.Location.X)
+                .ThenBy(p => p.Location.Y)
+                .Select(p => new SequencedPart { Part = p })
+                .ToList();
+        }
+    }
+}

OpenNest.Engine/Sequencing/PartSequencerFactory.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+using System;
+using OpenNest.CNC.CuttingStrategy;
+
+namespace OpenNest.Engine.Sequencing
+{
+    public static class PartSequencerFactory
+    {
+        public static IPartSequencer Create(SequenceParameters parameters)
+        {
+            return parameters.Method switch
+            {
+                SequenceMethod.RightSide  => new RightSideSequencer(),
+                SequenceMethod.LeftSide   => new LeftSideSequencer(),
+                SequenceMethod.BottomSide => new BottomSideSequencer(),
+                SequenceMethod.EdgeStart  => new EdgeStartSequencer(),
+                SequenceMethod.LeastCode  => new LeastCodeSequencer(),
+                SequenceMethod.Advanced   => new AdvancedSequencer(parameters),
+                _ => throw new NotSupportedException(
+                    $"Sequence method '{parameters.Method}' is not supported.")
+            };
+        }
+    }
+}

OpenNest.Engine/Sequencing/PlateHelper.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+using OpenNest.Geometry;
+
+namespace OpenNest.Engine.Sequencing
+{
+    internal static class PlateHelper
+    {
+        public static Vector GetExitPoint(Plate plate)
+        {
+            var w = plate.Size.Width;
+            var l = plate.Size.Length;
+
+            return plate.Quadrant switch
+            {
+                1 => new Vector(w, l),
+                2 => new Vector(0, l),
+                3 => new Vector(0, 0),
+                4 => new Vector(w, 0),
+                _ => new Vector(w, l)
+            };
+        }
+    }
+}

OpenNest.Engine/Sequencing/RightSideSequencer.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+
+namespace OpenNest.Engine.Sequencing
+{
+    public class RightSideSequencer : IPartSequencer
+    {
+        public List<SequencedPart> Sequence(IReadOnlyList<Part> parts, Plate plate)
+        {
+            return parts
+                .OrderByDescending(p => p.Location.X)
+                .ThenBy(p => p.Location.Y)
+                .Select(p => new SequencedPart { Part = p })
+                .ToList();
+        }
+    }
+}

OpenNest.Tests/CuttingResultTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+using OpenNest.CNC;
+using OpenNest.CNC.CuttingStrategy;
+using OpenNest.Geometry;
+using Xunit;
+
+namespace OpenNest.Tests;
+
+public class CuttingResultTests
+{
+    [Fact]
+    public void CuttingResult_StoresValues()
+    {
+        var pgm = new Program();
+        pgm.Codes.Add(new RapidMove(new Vector(1, 2)));
+        var point = new Vector(3, 4);
+
+        var result = new CuttingResult { Program = pgm, LastCutPoint = point };
+
+        Assert.Same(pgm, result.Program);
+        Assert.Equal(3, result.LastCutPoint.X);
+        Assert.Equal(4, result.LastCutPoint.Y);
+    }
+}

OpenNest.Tests/OpenNest.Tests.csproj

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <TargetFramework>net8.0-windows</TargetFramework>
+    <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
+    <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
+
+    <IsPackable>false</IsPackable>
+    <IsTestProject>true</IsTestProject>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <PackageReference Include="coverlet.collector" Version="6.0.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk" Version="17.8.0" />
+    <PackageReference Include="xunit" Version="2.5.3" />
+    <PackageReference Include="xunit.runner.visualstudio" Version="2.5.3" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <Using Include="Xunit" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\OpenNest.Core\OpenNest.Core.csproj" />
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\OpenNest.Engine\OpenNest.Engine.csproj" />
+    <ProjectReference Include="..\OpenNest.IO\OpenNest.IO.csproj" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+
+</Project>

OpenNest.Tests/PartFlagTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+using OpenNest.CNC;
+using OpenNest.Geometry;
+using Xunit;
+
+namespace OpenNest.Tests;
+
+public class PartFlagTests
+{
+    [Fact]
+    public void HasManualLeadIns_DefaultsFalse()
+    {
+        var pgm = new Program();
+        pgm.Codes.Add(new RapidMove(new Vector(0, 0)));
+        var drawing = new Drawing("test", pgm);
+        var part = new Part(drawing);
+
+        Assert.False(part.HasManualLeadIns);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void HasManualLeadIns_CanBeSet()
+    {
+        var pgm = new Program();
+        pgm.Codes.Add(new RapidMove(new Vector(0, 0)));
+        var drawing = new Drawing("test", pgm);
+        var part = new Part(drawing);
+
+        part.HasManualLeadIns = true;
+
+        Assert.True(part.HasManualLeadIns);
+    }
+}

OpenNest.Tests/PlateProcessorTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using OpenNest.CNC;
+using OpenNest.CNC.CuttingStrategy;
+using OpenNest.Engine;
+using OpenNest.Engine.RapidPlanning;
+using OpenNest.Engine.Sequencing;
+using OpenNest.Geometry;
+using Xunit;
+
+namespace OpenNest.Tests;
+
+public class PlateProcessorTests
+{
+    private static Part MakePartAt(double x, double y) => TestHelpers.MakePartAt(x, y, size: 2);
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Process_ReturnsAllParts()
+    {
+        var plate = new Plate(60, 120);
+        plate.Parts.Add(MakePartAt(10, 10));
+        plate.Parts.Add(MakePartAt(30, 30));
+        plate.Parts.Add(MakePartAt(50, 50));
+
+        var processor = new PlateProcessor
+        {
+            Sequencer = new RightSideSequencer(),
+            RapidPlanner = new SafeHeightRapidPlanner()
+        };
+
+        var result = processor.Process(plate);
+
+        Assert.Equal(3, result.Parts.Count);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Process_PreservesSequenceOrder()
+    {
+        var plate = new Plate(60, 120);
+        var left = MakePartAt(5, 10);
+        var right = MakePartAt(50, 10);
+        plate.Parts.Add(left);
+        plate.Parts.Add(right);
+
+        var processor = new PlateProcessor
+        {
+            Sequencer = new RightSideSequencer(),
+            RapidPlanner = new SafeHeightRapidPlanner()
+        };
+
+        var result = processor.Process(plate);
+
+        Assert.Same(right, result.Parts[0].Part);
+        Assert.Same(left, result.Parts[1].Part);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Process_SkipsCuttingStrategy_WhenManualLeadIns()
+    {
+        var plate = new Plate(60, 120);
+        var part = MakePartAt(10, 10);
+        part.HasManualLeadIns = true;
+        plate.Parts.Add(part);
+
+        var processor = new PlateProcessor
+        {
+            Sequencer = new LeftSideSequencer(),
+            CuttingStrategy = new ContourCuttingStrategy
+            {
+                Parameters = new CuttingParameters()
+            },
+            RapidPlanner = new SafeHeightRapidPlanner()
+        };
+
+        var result = processor.Process(plate);
+
+        Assert.Same(part.Program, result.Parts[0].ProcessedProgram);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Process_DoesNotMutatePart()
+    {
+        var plate = new Plate(60, 120);
+        var part = MakePartAt(10, 10);
+        var originalProgram = part.Program;
+        plate.Parts.Add(part);
+
+        var processor = new PlateProcessor
+        {
+            Sequencer = new LeftSideSequencer(),
+            RapidPlanner = new SafeHeightRapidPlanner()
+        };
+
+        var result = processor.Process(plate);
+
+        Assert.Same(originalProgram, part.Program);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Process_NoCuttingStrategy_PassesProgramThrough()
+    {
+        var plate = new Plate(60, 120);
+        var part = MakePartAt(10, 10);
+        plate.Parts.Add(part);
+
+        var processor = new PlateProcessor
+        {
+            Sequencer = new LeftSideSequencer(),
+            RapidPlanner = new SafeHeightRapidPlanner()
+        };
+
+        var result = processor.Process(plate);
+
+        Assert.Same(part.Program, result.Parts[0].ProcessedProgram);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Process_EmptyPlate_ReturnsEmptyResult()
+    {
+        var plate = new Plate(60, 120);
+
+        var processor = new PlateProcessor
+        {
+            Sequencer = new LeftSideSequencer(),
+            RapidPlanner = new SafeHeightRapidPlanner()
+        };
+
+        var result = processor.Process(plate);
+
+        Assert.Empty(result.Parts);
+    }
+}

OpenNest.Tests/RapidPlanning/DirectRapidPlannerTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using OpenNest.Engine.RapidPlanning;
+using OpenNest.Geometry;
+using Xunit;
+
+namespace OpenNest.Tests.RapidPlanning;
+
+public class DirectRapidPlannerTests
+{
+    [Fact]
+    public void NoCutAreas_ReturnsHeadDown()
+    {
+        var planner = new DirectRapidPlanner();
+        var result = planner.Plan(new Vector(0, 0), new Vector(10, 10), new List<Shape>());
+
+        Assert.False(result.HeadUp);
+        Assert.Empty(result.Waypoints);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void ClearPath_ReturnsHeadDown()
+    {
+        var planner = new DirectRapidPlanner();
+
+        var cutArea = new Shape();
+        cutArea.Entities.Add(new Line(new Vector(50, 0), new Vector(50, 10)));
+        cutArea.Entities.Add(new Line(new Vector(50, 10), new Vector(60, 10)));
+        cutArea.Entities.Add(new Line(new Vector(60, 10), new Vector(60, 0)));
+        cutArea.Entities.Add(new Line(new Vector(60, 0), new Vector(50, 0)));
+
+        var result = planner.Plan(
+            new Vector(0, 0), new Vector(10, 10),
+            new List<Shape> { cutArea });
+
+        Assert.False(result.HeadUp);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void BlockedPath_ReturnsHeadUp()
+    {
+        var planner = new DirectRapidPlanner();
+
+        var cutArea = new Shape();
+        cutArea.Entities.Add(new Line(new Vector(5, 0), new Vector(5, 20)));
+        cutArea.Entities.Add(new Line(new Vector(5, 20), new Vector(6, 20)));
+        cutArea.Entities.Add(new Line(new Vector(6, 20), new Vector(6, 0)));
+        cutArea.Entities.Add(new Line(new Vector(6, 0), new Vector(5, 0)));
+
+        var result = planner.Plan(
+            new Vector(0, 10), new Vector(10, 10),
+            new List<Shape> { cutArea });
+
+        Assert.True(result.HeadUp);
+        Assert.Empty(result.Waypoints);
+    }
+}

OpenNest.Tests/RapidPlanning/SafeHeightRapidPlannerTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using OpenNest.Engine.RapidPlanning;
+using OpenNest.Geometry;
+using Xunit;
+
+namespace OpenNest.Tests.RapidPlanning;
+
+public class SafeHeightRapidPlannerTests
+{
+    [Fact]
+    public void AlwaysReturnsHeadUp()
+    {
+        var planner = new SafeHeightRapidPlanner();
+        var from = new Vector(10, 10);
+        var to = new Vector(50, 50);
+        var cutAreas = new List<Shape>();
+
+        var result = planner.Plan(from, to, cutAreas);
+
+        Assert.True(result.HeadUp);
+        Assert.Empty(result.Waypoints);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void ReturnsHeadUp_EvenWithCutAreas()
+    {
+        var planner = new SafeHeightRapidPlanner();
+        var from = new Vector(0, 0);
+        var to = new Vector(10, 10);
+
+        var shape = new Shape();
+        shape.Entities.Add(new Line(new Vector(5, 0), new Vector(5, 20)));
+        var cutAreas = new List<Shape> { shape };
+
+        var result = planner.Plan(from, to, cutAreas);
+
+        Assert.True(result.HeadUp);
+    }
+}

OpenNest.Tests/Sequencing/AdvancedSequencerTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using OpenNest.CNC;
+using OpenNest.CNC.CuttingStrategy;
+using OpenNest.Engine.Sequencing;
+using OpenNest.Geometry;
+using Xunit;
+
+namespace OpenNest.Tests.Sequencing;
+
+public class AdvancedSequencerTests
+{
+    private static Part MakePartAt(double x, double y) => TestHelpers.MakePartAt(x, y);
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void GroupsIntoRows_NoAlternate()
+    {
+        var plate = new Plate(100, 100);
+        var row1a = MakePartAt(10, 10);
+        var row1b = MakePartAt(30, 10);
+        var row2a = MakePartAt(10, 50);
+        var row2b = MakePartAt(30, 50);
+        plate.Parts.Add(row1a);
+        plate.Parts.Add(row1b);
+        plate.Parts.Add(row2a);
+        plate.Parts.Add(row2b);
+
+        var parameters = new SequenceParameters
+        {
+            Method = SequenceMethod.Advanced,
+            MinDistanceBetweenRowsColumns = 5.0,
+            AlternateRowsColumns = false
+        };
+        var sequencer = new AdvancedSequencer(parameters);
+        var result = sequencer.Sequence(plate.Parts.ToList(), plate);
+
+        Assert.Same(row1a, result[0].Part);
+        Assert.Same(row1b, result[1].Part);
+        Assert.Same(row2a, result[2].Part);
+        Assert.Same(row2b, result[3].Part);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void SerpentineAlternatesDirection()
+    {
+        var plate = new Plate(100, 100);
+        var r1Left = MakePartAt(10, 10);
+        var r1Right = MakePartAt(30, 10);
+        var r2Left = MakePartAt(10, 50);
+        var r2Right = MakePartAt(30, 50);
+        plate.Parts.Add(r1Left);
+        plate.Parts.Add(r1Right);
+        plate.Parts.Add(r2Left);
+        plate.Parts.Add(r2Right);
+
+        var parameters = new SequenceParameters
+        {
+            Method = SequenceMethod.Advanced,
+            MinDistanceBetweenRowsColumns = 5.0,
+            AlternateRowsColumns = true
+        };
+        var sequencer = new AdvancedSequencer(parameters);
+        var result = sequencer.Sequence(plate.Parts.ToList(), plate);
+
+        Assert.Same(r1Left, result[0].Part);
+        Assert.Same(r1Right, result[1].Part);
+        Assert.Same(r2Right, result[2].Part);
+        Assert.Same(r2Left, result[3].Part);
+    }
+}

OpenNest.Tests/Sequencing/DirectionalSequencerTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using OpenNest.CNC;
+using OpenNest.Engine.Sequencing;
+using OpenNest.Geometry;
+using Xunit;
+
+namespace OpenNest.Tests.Sequencing;
+
+public class DirectionalSequencerTests
+{
+    private static Part MakePartAt(double x, double y) => TestHelpers.MakePartAt(x, y);
+    private static Plate MakePlate(params Part[] parts) => TestHelpers.MakePlate(60, 120, parts);
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void RightSide_SortsXDescending()
+    {
+        var a = MakePartAt(10, 5);
+        var b = MakePartAt(30, 5);
+        var c = MakePartAt(20, 5);
+        var plate = MakePlate(a, b, c);
+
+        var sequencer = new RightSideSequencer();
+        var result = sequencer.Sequence(plate.Parts.ToList(), plate);
+
+        Assert.Same(b, result[0].Part);
+        Assert.Same(c, result[1].Part);
+        Assert.Same(a, result[2].Part);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void LeftSide_SortsXAscending()
+    {
+        var a = MakePartAt(10, 5);
+        var b = MakePartAt(30, 5);
+        var c = MakePartAt(20, 5);
+        var plate = MakePlate(a, b, c);
+
+        var sequencer = new LeftSideSequencer();
+        var result = sequencer.Sequence(plate.Parts.ToList(), plate);
+
+        Assert.Same(a, result[0].Part);
+        Assert.Same(c, result[1].Part);
+        Assert.Same(b, result[2].Part);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void BottomSide_SortsYAscending()
+    {
+        var a = MakePartAt(5, 20);
+        var b = MakePartAt(5, 5);
+        var c = MakePartAt(5, 10);
+        var plate = MakePlate(a, b, c);
+
+        var sequencer = new BottomSideSequencer();
+        var result = sequencer.Sequence(plate.Parts.ToList(), plate);
+
+        Assert.Same(b, result[0].Part);
+        Assert.Same(c, result[1].Part);
+        Assert.Same(a, result[2].Part);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void RightSide_TiesBrokenByPerpendicularAxis()
+    {
+        var a = MakePartAt(10, 20);
+        var b = MakePartAt(10, 5);
+        var plate = MakePlate(a, b);
+
+        var sequencer = new RightSideSequencer();
+        var result = sequencer.Sequence(plate.Parts.ToList(), plate);
+
+        Assert.Same(b, result[0].Part);
+        Assert.Same(a, result[1].Part);
+    }
+}

OpenNest.Tests/Sequencing/EdgeStartSequencerTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using OpenNest.CNC;
+using OpenNest.Engine.Sequencing;
+using OpenNest.Geometry;
+using Xunit;
+
+namespace OpenNest.Tests.Sequencing;
+
+public class EdgeStartSequencerTests
+{
+    private static Part MakePartAt(double x, double y) => TestHelpers.MakePartAt(x, y);
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void SortsByDistanceFromNearestEdge()
+    {
+        var plate = new Plate(60, 120);
+        var edgePart = MakePartAt(1, 1);
+        var centerPart = MakePartAt(25, 55);
+        var midPart = MakePartAt(10, 10);
+        plate.Parts.Add(edgePart);
+        plate.Parts.Add(centerPart);
+        plate.Parts.Add(midPart);
+
+        var sequencer = new EdgeStartSequencer();
+        var result = sequencer.Sequence(plate.Parts.ToList(), plate);
+
+        Assert.Same(edgePart, result[0].Part);
+        Assert.Same(midPart, result[1].Part);
+        Assert.Same(centerPart, result[2].Part);
+    }
+}

OpenNest.Tests/Sequencing/LeastCodeSequencerTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using OpenNest.CNC;
+using OpenNest.Engine.Sequencing;
+using OpenNest.Geometry;
+using Xunit;
+
+namespace OpenNest.Tests.Sequencing;
+
+public class LeastCodeSequencerTests
+{
+    private static Part MakePartAt(double x, double y) => TestHelpers.MakePartAt(x, y);
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void NearestNeighbor_FromExitPoint()
+    {
+        var plate = new Plate(60, 120);
+        var farPart = MakePartAt(5, 5);
+        var nearPart = MakePartAt(55, 115);
+        plate.Parts.Add(farPart);
+        plate.Parts.Add(nearPart);
+
+        var sequencer = new LeastCodeSequencer();
+        var result = sequencer.Sequence(plate.Parts.ToList(), plate);
+
+        // nearPart is closer to exit point, should come first
+        Assert.Same(nearPart, result[0].Part);
+        Assert.Same(farPart, result[1].Part);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void PreservesAllParts()
+    {
+        var plate = new Plate(60, 120);
+        for (var i = 0; i < 10; i++)
+            plate.Parts.Add(MakePartAt(i * 5, i * 10));
+
+        var sequencer = new LeastCodeSequencer();
+        var result = sequencer.Sequence(plate.Parts.ToList(), plate);
+
+        Assert.Equal(10, result.Count);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void TwoOpt_ImprovesSolution()
+    {
+        var plate = new Plate(100, 100);
+        var a = MakePartAt(90, 90);
+        var b = MakePartAt(10, 80);
+        var c = MakePartAt(80, 10);
+        var d = MakePartAt(5, 5);
+        plate.Parts.Add(a);
+        plate.Parts.Add(b);
+        plate.Parts.Add(c);
+        plate.Parts.Add(d);
+
+        var sequencer = new LeastCodeSequencer();
+        var result = sequencer.Sequence(plate.Parts.ToList(), plate);
+
+        Assert.Equal(4, result.Count);
+    }
+}

OpenNest.Tests/Sequencing/PartSequencerFactoryTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+using System;
+using OpenNest.CNC.CuttingStrategy;
+using OpenNest.Engine.Sequencing;
+using Xunit;
+
+namespace OpenNest.Tests.Sequencing;
+
+public class PartSequencerFactoryTests
+{
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData(SequenceMethod.RightSide, typeof(RightSideSequencer))]
+    [InlineData(SequenceMethod.LeftSide, typeof(LeftSideSequencer))]
+    [InlineData(SequenceMethod.BottomSide, typeof(BottomSideSequencer))]
+    [InlineData(SequenceMethod.EdgeStart, typeof(EdgeStartSequencer))]
+    [InlineData(SequenceMethod.LeastCode, typeof(LeastCodeSequencer))]
+    [InlineData(SequenceMethod.Advanced, typeof(AdvancedSequencer))]
+    public void Create_ReturnsCorrectType(SequenceMethod method, Type expectedType)
+    {
+        var parameters = new SequenceParameters { Method = method };
+        var sequencer = PartSequencerFactory.Create(parameters);
+        Assert.IsType(expectedType, sequencer);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Create_RightSideAlt_Throws()
+    {
+        var parameters = new SequenceParameters { Method = SequenceMethod.RightSideAlt };
+        Assert.Throws<NotSupportedException>(() => PartSequencerFactory.Create(parameters));
+    }
+}

OpenNest.Tests/TestHelpers.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+using OpenNest.CNC;
+using OpenNest.Geometry;
+
+namespace OpenNest.Tests;
+
+internal static class TestHelpers
+{
+    public static Part MakePartAt(double x, double y, double size = 1)
+    {
+        var pgm = new Program();
+        pgm.Codes.Add(new RapidMove(new Vector(0, 0)));
+        pgm.Codes.Add(new LinearMove(new Vector(size, 0)));
+        pgm.Codes.Add(new LinearMove(new Vector(size, size)));
+        pgm.Codes.Add(new LinearMove(new Vector(0, size)));
+        pgm.Codes.Add(new LinearMove(new Vector(0, 0)));
+        var drawing = new Drawing("test", pgm);
+        return new Part(drawing, new Vector(x, y));
+    }
+
+    public static Plate MakePlate(double width = 60, double length = 120, params Part[] parts)
+    {
+        var plate = new Plate(width, length);
+        foreach (var p in parts)
+            plate.Parts.Add(p);
+        return plate;
+    }
+}

OpenNest.sln

@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "OpenNest.Console", "OpenNes
 EndProject
 Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "OpenNest.Training", "OpenNest.Training\OpenNest.Training.csproj", "{249BF728-25DD-4863-8266-207ACD26E964}"
 EndProject
+Project("{FAE04EC0-301F-11D3-BF4B-00C04F79EFBC}") = "OpenNest.Tests", "OpenNest.Tests\OpenNest.Tests.csproj", "{03539EB7-9DB2-4634-A6FD-F094B9603596}"
+EndProject
 Global
 	GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
 		Debug|Any CPU = Debug|Any CPU
@@ -125,6 +127,18 @@ Global
 		{249BF728-25DD-4863-8266-207ACD26E964}.Release|x64.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
 		{249BF728-25DD-4863-8266-207ACD26E964}.Release|x86.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
 		{249BF728-25DD-4863-8266-207ACD26E964}.Release|x86.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{03539EB7-9DB2-4634-A6FD-F094B9603596}.Debug|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{03539EB7-9DB2-4634-A6FD-F094B9603596}.Debug|Any CPU.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{03539EB7-9DB2-4634-A6FD-F094B9603596}.Debug|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{03539EB7-9DB2-4634-A6FD-F094B9603596}.Debug|x64.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{03539EB7-9DB2-4634-A6FD-F094B9603596}.Debug|x86.ActiveCfg = Debug|Any CPU
+		{03539EB7-9DB2-4634-A6FD-F094B9603596}.Debug|x86.Build.0 = Debug|Any CPU
+		{03539EB7-9DB2-4634-A6FD-F094B9603596}.Release|Any CPU.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{03539EB7-9DB2-4634-A6FD-F094B9603596}.Release|Any CPU.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{03539EB7-9DB2-4634-A6FD-F094B9603596}.Release|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{03539EB7-9DB2-4634-A6FD-F094B9603596}.Release|x64.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
+		{03539EB7-9DB2-4634-A6FD-F094B9603596}.Release|x86.ActiveCfg = Release|Any CPU
+		{03539EB7-9DB2-4634-A6FD-F094B9603596}.Release|x86.Build.0 = Release|Any CPU
 	EndGlobalSection
 	GlobalSection(SolutionProperties) = preSolution
 		HideSolutionNode = FALSE