diff --git a/OpenNest.Core/Part.cs b/OpenNest.Core/Part.cs
index 27bf791..41b66f0 100644
--- a/OpenNest.Core/Part.cs
+++ b/OpenNest.Core/Part.cs
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ namespace OpenNest
             EnsureOwnedProgram();
             Program.Rotate(angle);
             location = Location.Rotate(angle);
-            preLeadInRotation = Program.Rotation;
+            TrackRotation(angle);
             UpdateBounds();
         }
 
@@ -159,10 +159,22 @@ namespace OpenNest
             EnsureOwnedProgram();
             Program.Rotate(angle);
             location = Location.Rotate(angle, origin);
-            preLeadInRotation = Program.Rotation;
+            TrackRotation(angle);
             UpdateBounds();
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Records the part's rotation after it turned by <paramref name="angle"/>. A lead-in
+        /// program is rebuilt by the cutting strategy and starts over at zero program
+        /// rotation, so for those parts the rotation is accumulated rather than read back.
+        /// </summary>
+        private void TrackRotation(double angle)
+        {
+            preLeadInRotation = HasManualLeadIns
+                ? Angle.NormalizeRad(preLeadInRotation + angle)
+                : Program.Rotation;
+        }
+
         /// <summary>
         /// Offsets the part.
         /// </summary>
@@ -323,6 +335,7 @@ namespace OpenNest
                 new Box(BoundingBox.X, BoundingBox.Y, BoundingBox.Length, BoundingBox.Width)
             );
             part.ownsProgram = true;
+            part.CopyLeadInStateFrom(this);
 
             return part;
         }
@@ -347,10 +360,24 @@ namespace OpenNest
                     BoundingBox.Width
                 )
             );
+            part.CopyLeadInStateFrom(this);
 
             return part;
         }
 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Copies the lead-in state that goes with a copied program. Without it a copy of a
+        /// lead-in part reads its rotation from the rebuilt program (zero), and lead-in
+        /// assignment does not know to strip the copied lead-ins before adding new ones.
+        /// </summary>
+        private void CopyLeadInStateFrom(Part source)
+        {
+            HasManualLeadIns = source.HasManualLeadIns;
+            LeadInsLocked = source.LeadInsLocked;
+            CuttingParameters = source.CuttingParameters;
+            preLeadInRotation = source.preLeadInRotation;
+        }
+
         private void EnsureOwnedProgram()
         {
             if (!ownsProgram)
diff --git a/OpenNest.Tests/CuttingStrategy/PartLeadInTransformTests.cs b/OpenNest.Tests/CuttingStrategy/PartLeadInTransformTests.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aec5be3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/OpenNest.Tests/CuttingStrategy/PartLeadInTransformTests.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+using OpenNest.CNC;
+using OpenNest.CNC.CuttingStrategy;
+using OpenNest.Geometry;
+
+namespace OpenNest.Tests.CuttingStrategy;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Copying and rotating a part that already carries lead-ins must keep its true
+/// rotation, lead-in state and geometry, so Remove Lead-ins (and saving) still
+/// see the part the user placed.
+/// </summary>
+public class PartLeadInTransformTests
+{
+    private const double QuarterTurn = System.Math.PI / 2;
+
+    /// <summary>10x10 square with a radius-1 hole at (5, 5), so lead-in
+    /// assignment emits both a perimeter lead-in and a hole sub-program.</summary>
+    private static Drawing MakeSquareWithHole()
+    {
+        var pgm = new Program();
+        pgm.Codes.Add(new RapidMove(new Vector(0, 0)));
+        pgm.Codes.Add(new LinearMove(new Vector(0, 10)));
+        pgm.Codes.Add(new LinearMove(new Vector(10, 10)));
+        pgm.Codes.Add(new LinearMove(new Vector(10, 0)));
+        pgm.Codes.Add(new LinearMove(new Vector(0, 0)));
+        pgm.Codes.Add(new RapidMove(new Vector(6, 5)));
+        pgm.Codes.Add(new ArcMove(new Vector(6, 5), new Vector(5, 5), RotationType.CW));
+        return new Drawing("square-with-hole", pgm);
+    }
+
+    private static CuttingParameters Parameters() =>
+        new()
+        {
+            ExternalLeadIn = new LineLeadIn { Length = 0.5, ApproachAngle = 90 },
+            ArcCircleLeadIn = new LineLeadIn { Length = 0.3, ApproachAngle = 90 },
+        };
+
+    private static Part MakeLeadInPart(Drawing drawing, double rotation)
+    {
+        var part = new Part(drawing);
+        part.Rotate(rotation);
+        part.Offset(20, 5);
+        part.ApplyLeadIns(Parameters(), new Vector(-5, -5));
+        return part;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Clean part of the drawing at the given rotation and location: what
+    /// Remove Lead-ins must restore.</summary>
+    private static Part MakeCleanPart(Drawing drawing, double rotation, Vector location)
+    {
+        var part = new Part(drawing);
+        part.Rotate(rotation);
+        part.Location = location;
+        return part;
+    }
+
+    private static void AssertSameBox(Box expected, Box actual)
+    {
+        Assert.Equal(expected.X, actual.X, 6);
+        Assert.Equal(expected.Y, actual.Y, 6);
+        Assert.Equal(expected.Length, actual.Length, 6);
+        Assert.Equal(expected.Width, actual.Width, 6);
+    }
+
+    private static int LeadInMoveCount(Program program) =>
+        program.Codes.OfType<LinearMove>().Count(m => m.Layer == LayerType.Leadin)
+        + program.Codes.OfType<ArcMove>().Count(m => m.Layer == LayerType.Leadin);
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Clone_KeepsLeadInStateAndRotation()
+    {
+        var drawing = MakeSquareWithHole();
+        var source = MakeLeadInPart(drawing, QuarterTurn);
+        source.LeadInsLocked = true;
+
+        var clone = (Part)source.Clone();
+
+        Assert.True(clone.HasManualLeadIns);
+        Assert.True(clone.LeadInsLocked);
+        Assert.Same(source.CuttingParameters, clone.CuttingParameters);
+        Assert.Equal(source.Rotation, clone.Rotation, 6);
+        Assert.Equal(LeadInMoveCount(source.Program), LeadInMoveCount(clone.Program));
+        AssertSameBox(source.BoundingBox, clone.BoundingBox);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void CloneAtOffset_KeepsLeadInStateAndRotation()
+    {
+        var drawing = MakeSquareWithHole();
+        var source = MakeLeadInPart(drawing, QuarterTurn);
+
+        var copy = source.CloneAtOffset(new Vector(3, 4));
+
+        Assert.True(copy.HasManualLeadIns);
+        Assert.Equal(source.Rotation, copy.Rotation, 6);
+        Assert.Equal(source.Location.X + 3, copy.Location.X, 6);
+        Assert.Equal(source.Location.Y + 4, copy.Location.Y, 6);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Clone_ThenRemoveLeadIns_RestoresCleanRotatedPart()
+    {
+        var drawing = MakeSquareWithHole();
+        var source = MakeLeadInPart(drawing, QuarterTurn);
+
+        var clone = (Part)source.Clone();
+        clone.RemoveLeadIns();
+
+        var expected = MakeCleanPart(drawing, QuarterTurn, source.Location);
+        Assert.False(clone.HasManualLeadIns);
+        Assert.Equal(QuarterTurn, clone.Rotation, 6);
+        AssertSameBox(expected.BoundingBox, clone.BoundingBox);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Clone_DoesNotShareHoleSubPrograms()
+    {
+        var drawing = MakeSquareWithHole();
+        var source = MakeLeadInPart(drawing, QuarterTurn);
+        var sourceBox = source.Program.BoundingBox();
+
+        var clone = (Part)source.Clone();
+        clone.Rotate(QuarterTurn);
+
+        // Rotating the copy must not rotate the source's hole lead-in.
+        AssertSameBox(sourceBox, source.Program.BoundingBox());
+        Assert.Equal(QuarterTurn, source.Rotation, 6);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Rotate_LeadInPart_ReportsCumulativeRotation()
+    {
+        var drawing = MakeSquareWithHole();
+        var part = MakeLeadInPart(drawing, QuarterTurn);
+
+        part.Rotate(QuarterTurn);
+
+        Assert.True(part.HasManualLeadIns);
+        Assert.Equal(System.Math.PI, part.Rotation, 6);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void RotateAboutOrigin_LeadInPart_ReportsCumulativeRotation()
+    {
+        var drawing = MakeSquareWithHole();
+        var part = MakeLeadInPart(drawing, QuarterTurn);
+
+        part.Rotate(QuarterTurn, new Vector(50, 50));
+
+        Assert.Equal(System.Math.PI, part.Rotation, 6);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Rotate_LeadInPart_ThenRemove_RestoresCleanPartAtNewRotation()
+    {
+        var drawing = MakeSquareWithHole();
+        var part = MakeLeadInPart(drawing, QuarterTurn);
+
+        part.Rotate(QuarterTurn);
+        var location = part.Location;
+        part.RemoveLeadIns();
+
+        var expected = MakeCleanPart(drawing, System.Math.PI, location);
+        Assert.Equal(System.Math.PI, part.Rotation, 6);
+        AssertSameBox(expected.BoundingBox, part.BoundingBox);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void Rotate_LeadInPart_RotatesHoleLeadInWithPart()
+    {
+        var drawing = MakeSquareWithHole();
+        var part = MakeLeadInPart(drawing, 0);
+        var before = part.Program.BoundingBox();
+
+        part.Rotate(QuarterTurn);
+
+        // A quarter turn about the program origin maps (x, y) to (-y, x): the lead-in
+        // program's box, holes included, must turn with it rather than stay behind.
+        var after = part.Program.BoundingBox();
+        Assert.Equal(-(before.Y + before.Width), after.X, 6);
+        Assert.Equal(before.X, after.Y, 6);
+        Assert.Equal(before.Width, after.Length, 6);
+        Assert.Equal(before.Length, after.Width, 6);
+    }
+}