diff --git a/CutList/Forms/Document.cs b/CutList/Forms/Document.cs
index e44ef5f..5323259 100644
--- a/CutList/Forms/Document.cs
+++ b/CutList/Forms/Document.cs
@@ -25,53 +25,5 @@ namespace CutList.Forms
         public List<BinInputItem> StockBins { get; set; }
 
         public Tool Tool { get; set; }
-
-        public void Save(string filePath)
-        {
-            try
-            {
-                var json = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(this, Formatting.Indented);
-                File.WriteAllText(filePath, json);
-                LastFilePath = filePath;
-            }
-            catch (Exception ex)
-            {
-                MessageBox.Show($"Failed to save file: {ex.Message}", "Error", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error);
-            }
-        }
-
-        public static Document Load(string filePath)
-        {
-            try
-            {
-                var json = File.ReadAllText(filePath);
-                var document = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Document>(json);
-                document.LastFilePath = filePath;
-                return document;
-            }
-            catch (Exception ex)
-            {
-                MessageBox.Show($"Failed to load file: {ex.Message}", "Error", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error);
-                return null;
-            }
-        }
-
-        public bool Validate(out string validationMessage)
-        {
-            if (PartsToNest == null || !PartsToNest.Any())
-            {
-                validationMessage = "No parts to nest.";
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            if (StockBins == null || !StockBins.Any())
-            {
-                validationMessage = "No stock bins available.";
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            validationMessage = string.Empty;
-            return true;
-        }
     }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/CutList/Forms/MainForm.cs b/CutList/Forms/MainForm.cs
index 599e939..2c6a642 100644
--- a/CutList/Forms/MainForm.cs
+++ b/CutList/Forms/MainForm.cs
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 using CutList.Models;
-using Newtonsoft.Json;
-using SawCut;
+using CutList.Services;
 using SawCut.Nesting;
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
@@ -21,11 +20,16 @@ namespace CutList.Forms
         private BindingList<BinInputItem> bins;
         private Toolbox toolbox;
         private Document currentDocument;
+        private readonly CutListService cutListService;
+        private readonly DocumentService documentService;
 
         public MainForm()
         {
             InitializeComponent();
 
+            cutListService = new CutListService();
+            documentService = new DocumentService();
+
             dataGridView1.DrawRowNumbers();
             dataGridView2.DrawRowNumbers();
 
@@ -90,7 +94,7 @@ namespace CutList.Forms
 
                 if (openFileDialog.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
                 {
-                    currentDocument = Document.Load(openFileDialog.FileName);
+                    currentDocument = documentService.Load(openFileDialog.FileName);
 
                     if (currentDocument == null)
                         return;
@@ -138,23 +142,30 @@ namespace CutList.Forms
 
         private void Save()
         {
-            SyncDocumentFromUI();
-
-            if (!currentDocument.Validate(out string validationMessage))
+            try
             {
-                MessageBox.Show(validationMessage, "Validation Error", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Warning);
-                return;
+                SyncDocumentFromUI();
+
+                if (!documentService.Validate(currentDocument, out string validationMessage))
+                {
+                    MessageBox.Show(validationMessage, "Validation Error", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Warning);
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                var saveFileDialog = new SaveFileDialog
+                {
+                    FileName = currentDocument.LastFilePath == null ? "NewDocument.json" : Path.GetFileName(currentDocument.LastFilePath),
+                    Filter = "Json File|*.json"
+                };
+
+                if (saveFileDialog.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
+                {
+                    documentService.Save(currentDocument, saveFileDialog.FileName);
+                }
             }
-
-            var saveFileDialog = new SaveFileDialog
+            catch (Exception ex)
             {
-                FileName = currentDocument.LastFilePath == null ? "NewDocument.json" : Path.GetFileName(currentDocument.LastFilePath),
-                Filter = "Json File|*.json"
-            };
-
-            if (saveFileDialog.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
-            {
-                currentDocument.Save(saveFileDialog.FileName);
+                MessageBox.Show($"Failed to save file: {ex.Message}", "Error", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error);
             }
         }
 
@@ -164,28 +175,11 @@ namespace CutList.Forms
             dataGridView2.EndEdit();
 
             var cutTool = GetSelectedTool();
-            var stockBins = new List<MultiBin>();
-
-            foreach (var item in bins)
-            {
-                stockBins.Add(new MultiBin
-                {
-                    Length = item.Length.Value,
-                    Quantity = item.Quantity,
-                    Priority = item.Priority
-                });
-            }
-
-            var engine = new MultiBinEngine();
-            engine.Spacing = cutTool.Kerf;
-            engine.Bins = stockBins;
-
-            var items = GetItems();
-            var result = engine.Pack(items);
+            var result = cutListService.Pack(parts.ToList(), bins.ToList(), cutTool);
 
             var filename = GetResultsSaveName();
             var form = new ResultsForm(filename);
-            form.Bins = result.Bins;
+            form.Bins = result.Bins.ToList();
             form.ShowDialog();
         }
 
@@ -200,28 +194,6 @@ namespace CutList.Forms
             return name;
         }
 
-        private List<BinItem> GetItems()
-        {
-            var items2 = new List<BinItem>();
-
-            foreach (var item in parts)
-            {
-                if (item.Length == null || item.Length == 0)
-                    continue;
-
-                for (int i = 0; i < item.Quantity; i++)
-                {
-                    items2.Add(new BinItem
-                    {
-                        Name = item.Name,
-                        Length = item.Length.Value
-                    });
-                }
-            }
-
-            return items2;
-        }
-
         public Tool GetSelectedTool()
         {
             return cutMethodComboBox.SelectedItem as Tool;
diff --git a/CutList/Services/CutListService.cs b/CutList/Services/CutListService.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dde5d1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/CutList/Services/CutListService.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+using CutList.Models;
+using SawCut;
+using SawCut.Nesting;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+
+namespace CutList.Services
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Service class that handles the core business logic for cut list optimization.
+    /// Separates business logic from UI concerns.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class CutListService
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Runs the bin packing algorithm to optimize cut lists.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="parts">The parts to be nested</param>
+        /// <param name="stockBins">The available stock bins</param>
+        /// <param name="cuttingTool">The cutting tool to use (determines kerf/spacing)</param>
+        /// <returns>The packing result with optimized bins and unused items</returns>
+        public Result Pack(List<PartInputItem> parts, List<BinInputItem> stockBins, Tool cuttingTool)
+        {
+            var multiBins = ConvertToMultiBins(stockBins);
+            var binItems = ConvertToBinItems(parts);
+
+            var engine = new MultiBinEngine
+            {
+                Spacing = cuttingTool.Kerf,
+                Bins = multiBins
+            };
+
+            return engine.Pack(binItems);
+        }
+
+        private List<MultiBin> ConvertToMultiBins(List<BinInputItem> stockBins)
+        {
+            var multiBins = new List<MultiBin>();
+
+            foreach (var item in stockBins)
+            {
+                multiBins.Add(new MultiBin
+                {
+                    Length = item.Length.Value,
+                    Quantity = item.Quantity,
+                    Priority = item.Priority
+                });
+            }
+
+            return multiBins;
+        }
+
+        private List<BinItem> ConvertToBinItems(List<PartInputItem> parts)
+        {
+            var binItems = new List<BinItem>();
+
+            foreach (var part in parts)
+            {
+                if (part.Length == null || part.Length == 0)
+                    continue;
+
+                for (int i = 0; i < part.Quantity; i++)
+                {
+                    binItems.Add(new BinItem
+                    {
+                        Name = part.Name,
+                        Length = part.Length.Value
+                    });
+                }
+            }
+
+            return binItems;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/CutList/Services/DocumentService.cs b/CutList/Services/DocumentService.cs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..460cae5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/CutList/Services/DocumentService.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+using CutList.Forms;
+using Newtonsoft.Json;
+using System;
+using System.IO;
+
+namespace CutList.Services
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Service class that handles document persistence operations.
+    /// Separates file I/O logic from UI concerns.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class DocumentService
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Saves a document to the specified file path.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="document">The document to save</param>
+        /// <param name="filePath">The file path to save to</param>
+        /// <exception cref="IOException">Thrown when file cannot be saved</exception>
+        public void Save(Document document, string filePath)
+        {
+            var json = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(document, Formatting.Indented);
+            File.WriteAllText(filePath, json);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Loads a document from the specified file path.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="filePath">The file path to load from</param>
+        /// <returns>The loaded document</returns>
+        /// <exception cref="IOException">Thrown when file cannot be read</exception>
+        /// <exception cref="JsonException">Thrown when file contains invalid JSON</exception>
+        public Document Load(string filePath)
+        {
+            var json = File.ReadAllText(filePath);
+            var document = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Document>(json);
+            return document;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Validates that a document has the minimum required data.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="document">The document to validate</param>
+        /// <param name="validationMessage">Output parameter containing validation error message</param>
+        /// <returns>True if document is valid, false otherwise</returns>
+        public bool Validate(Document document, out string validationMessage)
+        {
+            if (document.PartsToNest == null || document.PartsToNest.Count == 0)
+            {
+                validationMessage = "No parts to nest.";
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (document.StockBins == null || document.StockBins.Count == 0)
+            {
+                validationMessage = "No stock bins available.";
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            validationMessage = string.Empty;
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+}